Explain how systematic error makes its way into two group comparisons as opposed to ‘actual versus counterfactual’ comparisons and how this error differs from random error.
Explain how systematic error makes its way into two group comparisons as opposed to ‘actual versus counterfactual’ comparisons and how this error differs from random error.
where you will note that the lecturer makes it clear why two group comparisons are problematic in research. The reason is that the actual versus counterfactual outcome is what we are really interested in with clinical research, but since a counterfactual outcome is not measureable directly, we resort to comparing two different groups (e.g., smokers versus non-smokers rather than a single group had they smoked versus had they not smoked).
3.1. A) Explain how systematic error makes its way into two group comparisons as opposed to ‘actual versus counterfactual’ comparisons and how this error differs from random error.
3.1. B) Such systematic error (also called ‘bias) falls into several categories. Describe (in laymen terms) any one of these bias categories.
Feel free to pose any questions emanating from this video presentation.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9j_HWkrSxzI
3.2. Selection bias
View this video online and comment on:
3.2. A) What was the study design the investigator is describing and why did the investigator think treatment selection bias was a concern and how did he correct for this (explain in laymen terms).
3.2. B) How did you think treatment selection biases were accounted for in the randomised controlled trials he talks about and what other methods are available to researchers to avoid selection biases within research studies.
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