DISCUSS WAYS IN WHICH ENERGY PRODUCTION DIFFERS IN NEOPLASTIC CELLS, RELATIVE TO NORMAL CELLS, AND DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE METABOLIC PATHWAY(S) OF CANCER CELLS.
DISCUSS WAYS IN WHICH ENERGY PRODUCTION DIFFERS IN NEOPLASTIC CELLS, RELATIVE TO NORMAL CELLS, AND DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE METABOLIC PATHWAY(S) OF CANCER CELLS.
Discuss ways in which energy production differs in neoplastic cells, relative to
normal cells, and describe in detail the metabolic pathway(s) of cancer cells.
5. Genetics
Answer all parts of this question:
a) Define multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). (2 marks)
b) List the subtypes of MEN and identify three (3) of the most common tumours
that occur with each subtype. (4 marks)
c) For each of the following, describe their normal function and role in cancer
development. Include in your answer an example of a cancer where the
gene/protein induces tumourigenesis, in addition list a potential targeted
treatment for each. (18 marks)
i. BRCA1
ii. Bcr-Abl
iii. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).
d) Briefly describe the function and role of each of the following in cancer
development. Include in your answer an example of a cancer where the
gene/protein induces tumourigenesis: (6 marks)
i. NMI (N-myc and STAT interactor)
ii. BMI-1
6. Tumour immunity
Answer all parts of this question:
a) Increasing evidence supports a role for innate immune effector cells in tumour
surveillance. List two (2) cells involved in tumour surveillance. (2 marks)
b) Describe immune contexture. (3 marks)
c) Explain the concept of immunoediting. (5 marks)
d) Identify and explain mechanisms of tumour escape from immune surveillance
and provide one (1) therapeutic strategy for each mechanism. (20 marks)
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Veterinary Oncology Paper 1 Page 5 of 5
© 2016 The Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists ABN 00 50 000894 208
7. Tumour metabolism
Answer all parts of this question:
a) Discuss ways in which energy production differs in neoplastic cells, relative to
normal cells, and describe in detail the metabolic pathway(s) of cancer cells.
Include regulators of these mechanisms in your answer. (23 marks)
b) Briefly explain how 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) is used as a
marker of glycolysis. (2 marks)
c) List the factors that contribute to 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) being
retained in the cancer cell. (5 marks)
8. Viral (RNA) oncogenesis
Answer all parts of this question:
a) Discuss the mechanisms that retroviruses use to induce oncogenesis. Include in
your answer an example of a virus that acts via each mechanism. (16 marks)
b) Describe the mechanism of oncogenesis of FeLV with reference to current
literature. (8 marks)
c) Discuss factors that affect the interpretation of results from the ELISA test
currently available for the diagnosis of FeLV. (6 marks)
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