Differentiate between special and general senses

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QUESTION NUMBER 1.

Differentiate between special and general senses.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length

QUESTION NUMBER 2.

List the external structures of the brain, and describe their functions. Which major body cavity are these structures located within?

Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

QUESTION NUMBER 3.

Unit V Case Study

Analyze the case study found on p. 301 in the textbook by addressing the assigned questions below.

While analyzing the case, be sure to identify the major problems and issues.

Draft a response or strategy for addressing the major problems and issues. Make recommendations to improve the patient’s health.

Discuss any negative consequences that may occur if the patient’s health issue is not addressed.

Your response should be at least one page in length. Include at least one reference to support your work in APA style. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

This Is The Story From Page 301.

Maria, a diabetic, has been going through a period of high stress and has been poorly monitoring her diabetes. She has noticed increasing visual problems and often sees specks floating in her visual field. Twice she had double vision episodes.

Discuss how one’s age, race, lifestyle, and demographics have an impact on your choice to complete a sexual history when working in the primary care setting with women across a lifespan

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Will need minimum of 150 words for each response, APA Style, double spaced, times new roman, font 12, and and Include: (1 reference for each response within years 2015-2018) with intext citations.

Sexuality affects individuals and society across a broad spectrum of activities through health, but also through factors at multiple levels, such as gender relations, reproduction, and economics. Physiologic, behavioral, and affective measurement of sexuality and sexual behavior is complicated by cultural values and norms but is essential to individual health (including happiness) as well as public health. Cultural or structural norms that stigmatize aspects of sexuality, such as sexual orientation, have adverse effects on individuals across their lifespan, with homophobia being a prominent example of such.

Discussion:

Discuss how one’s age, race, lifestyle, and demographics have an impact on your choice to complete a sexual history when working in the primary care setting with women across a lifespan.

Peer Post. I need Peer Response for this post:

#1

Every person we interact with in practice is unique and requires unique attention in order to properly be treated for their medical problems. Small details of their life affect what we prescribe and how successful it will be for that individual. Making sure we are able to initiate and complete a full sexual history is important in addressing sexual health concerns, as most people do not willingly bring up sexual health issues unless there is an obvious issue such as infection or pain. The World Health Organization defined sexual health as, “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its function and processes” (Ariin, 2015, p. 1).

In regards to my personal opinion on sexual history and health, I find it just as important as any other aspect of their life. While establishing a new patient, I try to ask every woman of childbearing age if they are sexually active in order to open up the conversation to potential questions or concerns they may have. As a majority of our job is education, this is the ideal time to talk about sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STI/STD’s) and help prevent significant comorbidities related to infections in adolescents and young women (Rosenthal et al., 1997). Sexually transmitted diseases cause a large amount of emotional distress and tend to be higher in certain populations such as low-income and undereducated.

Despite major public health efforts that address the varied diseased caused by sexually transmitted diseases, rates of infections are on the rise globally (Haghir et al., 2018). Providers in the clinic should be focused on adolescents and young women who may partake in high-risk behaviors that are strongly associated with STD acquisition and spread. Educational pamphlets may be beneficial if time does not allow for in-depth conversations in the clinic.

#2

How age, race, lifestyle, and demographics impact the choice to complete a sexual history when working in the primary care.

Age

One’s age play an important role in determining the kind of care that an individual receives. Adolescents for example if given a choice to make their own choices in performing certain gynecological exams. The age at which the patient first started the examination also plays an important role. Young children may refuse examination compared to older adult. On the other hand, geriatric patients with advanced age impact examination especially if the patients have debilitating and chronic conditions. On the other hand adolescence find it difficult to disclose their sexuality.

Race and Lifestyle

According to Prather et al, 2016, racial needs varies when it comes to the health assessment of a female patient. Some cultures consider their sexuality sacred and do not feel comfortable performing sexual assessment and examination. Primary care providers need to be aware of patient cultures and belief in order to provide adequate care in a non-judgmental manner. Different race and cultures view sexual history differently. Some races are unable to disclose their sexual history because of fear of getting shunned in the community or the family.

Demographics

Patient demographics is one factor that plays an important in the choice of examination to be done. Multiculturalism affects the kind of illnesses as well as mortality and morbidity and as a result it forces people to adapt different cultures impacting the examination to be performed.(Ferguson,& Chor,2018). Patients from certain regions do not accepts some examination and are less likely to allow healthcare professionals to perform certain tests based on nationality. The United States is one of the country that is more accepting different sexuality. Approaching human sexuality needs understanding

The type of technology used at my facility and positive outcomes?

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The type of technology used at my facility and positive outcomes?

The facility that I work at uses MediTech as their main software. Compared to other hospitals our system is a little bit out dated. This because the software is based on a dos system that was created in 1970s or 80s. The program was recently upgraded this year, with the goal to help streamline charting. Since the update, I have noticed that it has been helpful in cutting down the time it takes to chart. But, I still find the program very cumbersome. This is because, every menu has a drop-down box that is very long. Unless you have memorized the codes, it can be very tedious to have to go through long lists to document drains and ports. But there are benefits to the new system. A major benefit to the new MediTech system, is that there is less redundancy in charting. If you have the same patient for several nights, then you do not have to keep documenting the same thing every night. For example, if my patient has not had a change in IV or skin condition, I do not have to go back and document it again. Another benefit to the new system, is that charting is done according to exception. These new features help with time management and gives me more time to provide direct-patient care.

What can be done to make it more useful or to further improve patient care or outcomes?

A major issue in nursing is charting. Despite efforts, in creating a better MediTech

system, there are still complaints. Since I am new to nursing and not aware of other EMR software, my information is based from my more experienced colleagues. Those who used to chart the “old fashioned” way, which was paper charting miss it. This is because, they think it was more accurate and reliable to chart. However, those who are used to computers prefer EMR. The say that it is faster, and you do not have to struggle with deciphering doctor’s messy handwriting. According to the information from a study that was completed in Japan by Kaneko et al. (2018), there has been a positive impact on patient care since Japan started using EMR in 2000. It was reported that there have been enhanced patient services, increased safety for medical treatments, and less burden on medical health professionals to create their own care plans.

Based on the research from Kaneko and lecture on informatics. I think EMR is very helpful in providing patient care. Especially when it comes to reducing medical errors. Where I work, there is a link on the MediTech screen that shows compatibility of drugs when hung via IV. Instead of having to call pharmacy for assistance with medications, I can quickly determine which antibiotics are compatible with each other. Another aspect that is helpful in providing care via EMR is the ability to quickly look up information on patients. I can easily answer questions about patient diagnosis and read through labs quickly and efficiently. It is also helpful to be able to isolate specific items like blood pressures to determine trends.

Review the information on evaluation, including data representation and quality monitoring, presented in the Learning Resources

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Project: Promoting Health Care QualitySection 5: Evaluation Plan

With the recognition of the bidirectional link between quality and finance in a healthcare organization, it follows that any changes to one can have an echo in the other. To determine the net result of a change in overall performance status of the organization, one must determine the point where the results of echoes will reach equilibrium.—Sadeghi, Barzi, Mikhail, & Shabot, 2013

This week you have been examining evaluation tools and how they can be used as part of a plan to promote quality and safety. As you develop an evaluation plan for your Course Project, consider the insights you have gained through your analysis of your selected organization, as well as the highly regulated and competitive health care environment.

To prepare:Review the information on evaluation, including data representation and quality monitoring, presented in the Learning Resources. Review your work on the Course Project thus far, particularly Sections 3 and 4. Think about how your quality improvement initiative could be evaluated.

Consider the following:

Which stakeholders need information related to this initiative? What do they need this information for?How would you assess the outcomes in the short-term and long-term? How would you analyze related processes, including but not limited to the one you redesigned in Section 4?How should an analysis of organizational structures be integrated into your evaluation?How would you identify and evaluate any unintended consequences that may arise?What metrics should the organization use to gauge progress and the effectiveness of the quality improvement initiative? How would these metrics incorporate the measures and indicators that you identified in Section 3? Are there additional measures and indicators that you now think should be included?How should the organization track and display data for an interdisciplinary audience? How could the use of a dashboard or balanced scorecard be of value?How could the organization create an integrated view of performance that links finance and quality?

I HAVE INNCLUDED THE PAPERS I SUBMITTED FOR SECTION 1, 3 AND 4. PLEASE REVIEW THEM.

To complete:Develop a 2- to 3-page evaluation plan that includes the following:An outline of the methods that you would propose for evaluating the quality improvement initiative and the financial implicationsA description of specific metrics that integrate your previously identified measures and indicators and any others that you have deemed importantA recommendation of how the organization could represent data related to this quality improvement issue for ongoing monitoring and to determine the value or success of the initiativeAn explanation of how the organization could create an integrated view of performance that links finance and quality

How would you undertake the process of determining a timeline for planning, implementing, and evaluating this quality improvement plan?

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Quality Improvement Action Plan

An organization’s ability to learn, and translate that learning into action rapidly is the ultimate competitive advantage.—Jack Welch as quoted by KerriganThink back to when you first identified the quality improvement issue for your Course Project.

What insights related to quality measurement, improvement strategies, and evaluation have you gained since then? How have these insights informed your view of the issue and shaped your understanding of how to promote positive outcomes for your selected organization? How would you suggest the organization proceed based on the outcomes of your investigation?In this section of the Course Project, you synthesize your analysis and recommendations into an action plan for implementing the quality improvement initiative.

To prepare:Begin to develop a plan for implementing your quality improvement initiative, including the redesigned process that you identified in Section 3.

Consider the following:

How would you undertake the process of determining a timeline for planning, implementing, and evaluating this quality improvement plan? What are some reasonable milestones for this initiative? What are the daily, weekly, monthly steps/goals?

To complete:Write a 2- to 3-page summary of your quality improvement action plan.

Required ReadingsHickey, J. V., & Brosnan, C. A. (2017). Evaluation of health care quality in for DNPs (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.Review Chapter 3, “Conceptual Models for Evaluation in Advanced Nursing Practice” (pp. 61-86) (assigned in Week 3)Sadeghi, S., Barzi, A., Mikhail, O., & Shabot, M. M. (2013). Integrating quality and strategy in health care organizations, Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.Review Chapter 8, “Quantifying the Quality Performance Gaps” (pp. 161–177) (assigned in Week 6) The authors focus on performance measures with particular focus on the relationship between financial and quality performance. Review Chapter 9, “Closing the Gaps” (pp. 179–194) (assigned in Week 7) This chapter explains how to utilize data collected during the evaluation stage in order to improve the quality of health care. Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.Retrieved from https://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2001/Crossing-the-Quality-Chasm/Quality%20Chasm%202001%20%20report%20brief.pdf This report outlines the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM’s) six aims to improve the quality of health care. Review this information through the lens of evaluation. (Assigned in a previous week.)

Develop one component of an evidence-based resourcing plan

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#6703 Topic: Nursing Heart Failure Clinic Resourcing Plan
#6703 Topic: Heart Failure Clinic Resourcing Plan Number of Pages: 4 (Double Spaced) Number of sources: 4 Writing Style: APA Type of document: Coursework Academic Level:Undergraduate Category: Nursing Order Instructions: Assessment 4 Write a 4 page evidence-based resourcing plan for one component of the Heart Failure Clinic. • Instructions Deliverable: Develop one component of an evidence-based resourcing plan. Scenario: The hospital leadership team has already allocated the major capital expenditures for the heart failure clinic, such as the facility, legal services, IT, and security services. However, as a member of the nurse team, you have been asked to develop one component of a resourcing plan for the next leadership meeting. You may use any combination of documents (for example, a spreadsheet or a table) in addition to explanatory information to convey information clearly and succinctly. Choose one of the following: Budget: o Apply evidence-based management strategies and best practices for resourcing health care services.  Identify the business plan budget categories and subcategories (not necessarily the actual cost) to establish a new clinic.  Start-up expenses.  Examine fixed and variable costs.  Capital budget items.  Examples: salary and benefits, staffing mix, specialized equipment or materials, et cetera.  Contingency fund and parameters. o Apply legal and professional standards for resourcing outpatient services.  Explain the alignment to best practices and professional standards for cost effective outpatient services.  How will uninsured or underinsured patients be managed? o Describe management and accountability tools and procedures used to manage health delivery services and patient outcomes.  What data resources and tools analyze costs, health insurance, and hospitalization services?  How will billing be handled?  How will you determine if outpatient management is cost-effective?  How does transparency impact the consumer? Staffing Plan: o Apply evidence-based management strategies and best practices for resourcing health care services.  Identify the disciplines and skill mix needed for appropriate staffing.  Estimate staffing requirements by discipline and staffing ratios (evidence-based).  Develop a sample staffing schedule.  How will you staff to meet corporate diversity goals or the needs of diverse patients?  Explain how delegation, collaboration, negotiation will affect staffing plan.  How does a union contract affect the staffing plan or schedule?  Examine the Nurse Practice Act for your state.  How does the Nurse Practice Act affect your staffing plan? o Apply legal and professional standards for resourcing outpatient services.  Align your staffing plan to best practices, the Nurse Practice Act for your state, scope of practice, and the Joint Commission standards for outpatients. o Describe management and accountability tools and procedures used to manage health delivery services and patient outcomes.  How will you know if staffing is cost-effective?  How will you know if staffing mix or schedule impacts patient outcomes? Additional Requirements o Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message. o APA formatting: Resources and in-text citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting. o Length: The plan should be 4 pages in content length, double-spaced. o Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point. o Number of resources: Support your plan with a minimum of three peer-reviewed resources, in addition to professional standards. o Applies evidence-based management strategies and best practices for resourcing health care services; identifies risks and opportunities o Applies legal and professional standards for resourcing outpatient services; identifies risks and opportunities under the Health Care Reform Act. o Describes management and accountability tools and procedures used to manage health delivery services and patient outcomes; explains the relationship of staffing to improved outcomes.

external factors that pose possible threats to or provide opportunities for your organization and compare these factors against your HCO’s internal operation to diagnose its strengths and weaknesses

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The SWOT Analysis must be done on Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.

SWOT Analysis

This week’s assignment will allow you to generate content that you will incorporate into the Market Analysis section of your Final Project. To prepare for this assignment, read Chapter 4 of the course text and the article by Simoneaux and Stroud (2011). You may also want to review the recommended article by Valentin (2001).

During the analysis stage, you consider external factors that pose possible threats to or provide opportunities for your organization and compare these factors against your HCO’s internal operation to diagnose its strengths and weaknesses. Many HCOs have found it useful to conduct a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses refer to elements that are internal to the organization; opportunities and threats are external to the organization. An effective SWOT analysis helps the marketing team determine the healthcare organization’s position in a particular market place as well as the positions of its competitors. By analyzing the current market and the deficiencies of the HCO’s competitors, and by assessing the HCO’s internal strengths and weaknesses, the marketing team can reposition the organization to meet and exceed the needs of its customers.

For this assignment, you will conduct a detailed SWOT analysis of your chosen healthcare organization for your Final Project. Discuss your selected organization’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and possible threats.

The SWOT analysis should include the following five components:

Strengths – An organization’s resources and capabilities that can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage.

Weaknesses – Limitations of an organization to meet the needs of its determined customer base.

Opportunities – External conditions that may reveal certain new opportunities regarding profit and growth.

Threats – Factors or changes in the external environment that may present threats to the organization.

Summary/Recommendations – After conducting your SWOT analysis, write a paragraph in which you provide your recommendations to the CEO of your chosen healthcare organization. Also state how you will use this information to create a marketing plan that will ensure the following:

The organization’s resources are not wasted

Time is well spent

Marketing efficiently is improved

The assignment

Must be four to five double-spaced pages in length (not including the title page and references page) and formatted according to APA style

Must include a separate title page with the following:

Title of paper

Student’s name

Course name and number

Instructor’s name

Date submitted

Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.

Must document all sources in APA style.

Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style.

Review the Bazzano et al. and Mayhew articles in the Learning Resources. Reflect on situations in which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.

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The unapproved use of approved drugs, also called off-label use, with children is quite common. This is because pediatric dosage guidelines are typically unavailable since very few drugs have been specifically researched and tested with children.

When treating children, prescribers often adjust dosages approved for adults to accommodate a child’s weight. However, children are not just “smaller” adults. Adults and children process and respond to drugs differently in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Children even respond differently during stages from infancy to adolescence. This poses potential safety concerns when prescribing drugs to pediatric patients. As an advanced practice nurse, you have to be aware of safety implications of the off-label use of drugs with this patient group.

To prepare:

Review the Bazzano et al. and Mayhew articles in the Learning Resources. Reflect on situations in which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.

Think about strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Consider specific off-label drugs that you think require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 3

Post an explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Then, describe strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Include descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

CLASS RESOURCES

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Review Chapter 4, “Principles of Pharmacotherapy in Pediatrics” (pp. 53-63)

This chapter explores concepts relating to drug selection, administration, and interaction for pediatric patients. It also compares age-related pharmacokinetic differences in children and adults.

Chapter 17, “Ophthalmic Disorders” (pp. 221-243)

This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and drug treatment for four ophthalmic disorders: blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and glaucoma. It also explores methods of monitoring patient response to treatment.

Chapter 43, “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (pp. 743-756)

This chapter explains the process of diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It also identifies drugs for treating patients with ADHD, including proper dosages, selected adverse events, and special considerations for each drug.

Chapter 51, “Immunizations” (pp. 906-926)

This chapter explores vaccines that are licensed for use in the United States and provides a recommended vaccination schedule for pediatric patients and adults.

Chapter 52, “Smoking Cessation” (pp. 927-943)

This chapter examines clinical implications of smoking. It also covers various approaches for aiding patients who are dependent on nicotine but want to stop smoking.

Chapter 54, “Weight Loss” (pp. 945-956)

This chapter begins by reviewing patient factors that contribute to obesity. It also examines drug therapy for initiating weight loss in patients, as well as alternative non-drug treatments.

Bazzano, A. T, Mangione-Smith, R., Schonlau, M., Suttorp, M. J., & Brook, R. H. (2009). Off-label prescribing to children in the United States outpatient setting. Academic Pediatrics, 9(2), 81–88.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This study examines the frequency of off-label prescribing to children and explores factors that impact off-label prescribing.

Mayhew, M. (2009). Off-label prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 5(2), 122–123.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

This article reviews the prevalence of off-label prescribing, including its benefits and risks. It also explores issues regarding the safety of off-label prescribing and when it is unavoidable.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

From the , Urban Institute’s Health Policy Center Website to analyze at least two (2) primary economic assumptions and examine their short- and long-term impact on promoting the competitive market model in the healthcare environment

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“Competitive Markets, Price, Quality, and Monopoly” Please respond to the following:

From the , Urban Institute’s Health Policy Center Website to analyze at least two (2) primary economic assumptions and examine their short- and long-term impact on promoting the competitive market model in the healthcare environment. Evaluate the fundamental reasons why price and utilization economic factors in the healthcare setting influence competitive market status in regard to supply and demand for health care services. Provide at least one (1) example of such factors to support your response.

Take a position on whether or not monopolistic competition works within a healthcare setting. Support for your position should include a discussion of the monopoly model being used to predict the allocation of resources in healthcare markets within preferred provider organizations.

Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births

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Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births. Describe the impact of extremely low birth weight babies on the family and on the community (short-term and long-term, including economic considerations, on-going care considerations, and co-morbidities associated with prematurity). Identify at least one support service within your community for preterm infants and their family. Provide the link for your colleagues to view. Does the service adequately address needs of this population? Explain your answer.