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Identify a setting in which health education specialists will practice in the next 5 years to a greater degree than they do today

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health promotion concepts
Future Trends in Health Education/Promotion

Chapter 10

1

Chapter Objectives – 1

Identify a setting in which health education specialists will practice in the next 5 years to a greater degree than they do today

Describe four major societal changes that will influence the practice of health education/promotion in the next 10 years.

Explain at least one major implication of credentialing for future health education specialists

Compare and contrast the roles of health education specialists in the four practice settings

2

Chapter Objectives – 2

Identify several reasons that health education specialists should be optimistic about future employment opportunities

Evaluate the role of the health education specialist in addressing the increasing costs of health care

Introduction

Changes in health information, health care costs, passage of the Affordable Care Act, and a more interconnected world will create new opportunities for health education specialists

Changes present the health education specialist with enormous opportunities

Demographic Changes – 1

Demographic profile – breakdown by age group, sex, race, & ethnicity shows much change from just 10 years ago

Change – U.S. population will become more diverse

Race* 2010 2030 2050

African American 12.3% 13.9% 14.6%

Hispanic 15.1% 20.1% 24.4%

Native American 0.90% 0.80% 0.70%

Asian/Pacific Islander 05.8% 06.7% 08.8%

*U.S. Census Bureau (2010)

Demographic Changes – 2

Greatest change will occur in the Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander groups

One place where the more diverse populace is being seen is in the public schools

Pattern of demographic changes presents health education specialists with an ever widening array of challenges and opportunities

Demographic Changes – 3

Change – U.S. population will become older

By 2050, the population over 65 is expected to grow to equal 22% of the total population, an increase from 13% in 2014

Reasons

Americans living longer

Couples having fewer children

Baby boomers (1946–1964) are nearing retirement age

Need for health related programs for older Americans

Societal Trends – 1

Much change in social mores & practices since 1960, e.g., rights of various groups, family structure, ethical concerns, reliance on technology

Technology – improved quality of life; will impact us more than ever; health education specialist will need skills (e.g., new delivery methods, tailored communication, GIS tracking)

Family structure will continue to change – traditional family is less common; postmodern family has many variations; health education specialists will need to operate on new set of norms to reach individuals, families, & communities

Societal Trends – 2

Political climate – frustration with politics & politicians; various views—conservative, moderate, liberal; health & politics linked; more macrolevel practice; advocacy will become more important for health education specialists; health education specialists will need to get involved in the political process

Medical care establishment & the Affordable Care Act (ACA) – even with the ACA health care system still needs change; consumers need to be involved in decision making; impact of lifestyle on health is evident; ACA promotes wellness; many uninsured; increase in managed care; costs continue to rise; health education specialists can help

Professional Preparation* – 1

The mission will be less providing factual information and more helping people become more analytical thinkers…

There will be…stronger partnerships with the medical establishment …

Health education specialists will need…long-term, not short-term thinking…

A greater emphasis will be placed on values clarification…

…Education at the community level will be the focus of most health interventions…

There will be an enhanced need for quality research…

Health education specialists must…use technology to help others learn.

…The gap between school and community services will close.

Environmental activism will continue to emerge…

…people will judge the success of health education/promotion by whether or not their quality of life has improved

* Clark (1994)

Professional Preparation – 2

Additional documents that can assist with developing the curriculum for the preparation of health education specialists are available.

Deliberations by members of the Committee on Educating Public Health Professionals for the 21st Century

Results of the study titles “2015 Health Education Specialist Practice Analysis (HESPA)”

Not advisable to prepare “generic” health education specialists

Collaborative relationships, innovativeness, curiousness, adventure, and truth seeking are some of the critical skills those leading the health education/promotion profession into the next several decades will possess

Credentialing

Credentialing provides a means to assess whether or not a person has met entry-level competencies as defined by the National Commission for Health Education Credentialing (NCHEC)

Places emphasis on the acquisition of skills

Disagreement about credentialing process exists because it tends to favor creating a generic health education specialist

Perhaps the future will bring a “practice-specific” credential to combat this controversy

CHES

Credential may allow for reimbursement for health education services provided in a medical care setting

Certification process establishes a national standard for individual health education practitioners

Credential assists employers in identifying practitioners who have met national standards, and serves as assurance to consumers that the health education specialist is competent

Implications for Practice Settings – 1

School Setting

Use of a comprehensive approach to school health will best assure that the health needs of all children are met

Essential skills

read & interpret research findings; create scope & sequence; prepare & deliver lessons; evaluate lesson; assess health needs; assure health & counseling services are provided; participate in organizations; use technology; understand impact of culture on health; serve as resource person; communication skills; collaborate; work independently; assist with behavior change; work to increase health literacy

Implications for Practice Settings – 2

Worksite Setting

Worksites have introduced an array of programs for employees and their families—many have incorporated health education/promotion programs

Expansion of work-site health promotion programs are creating increasing numbers of opportunities for health education specialists

Essential skills

Recognize importance of culture; conduct needs assessments; understand corporate culture & management philosophy; prepare & conduct prevention, fitness & screening programs; use technology; coordinate coalitions & committees; plan & manage a budget; serve as resource person; communication skills; work independently & as part of a team; assist with behavior change; employ evaluation strategies; working knowledge of epidemiology & statistics; understand literature & research; increase health literacy

Implications for Practice Settings – 3

Public (Community) Health Setting

Community setting has greatest variety of options for the practice of health education

While there are a variety of different community health options, community health education specialists are consistently involved in planning, implementing, and evaluating population level interventions

Essential skills

recognize impact of cultural & demographic influences on health; seek information; assess communities; coalition building; participate in organizations; marketing techniques; flexibility; learn another language; advocate; work in a multidisciplinary environment; work independently & as part of a team; evaluation strategies that are outcomes-based; working knowledge of epidemiology & statistics; understand literature & research; increase health literacy

Implications for Practice Settings – 4

Clinical or Healthcare Setting

Increasing receptivity to the fact that health education specialists can make a positive difference in the prevention and management of disease

Preventive services by medical providers are severely lacking mainly due to the time needed to provide such services

Patient education in the health care setting has moved from an innovation to a required service

Employment outlook is positive

Essential skills

working knowledge of epidemiology & statistics; use technology; assist with behavior change; understand impact of culture on health; aware of technological innovations to reach patients; provide training in health education to health care team; familiar with clinical disease processes; advocate for universal health care; prepare & deliver lessons; flexibility; coordinate interdisciplinary teams; serve as a liaison; learn other language; communication skills; work independently; understand informatics; increase health literacy

Implications for Practice Settings – 5

Alternative settings

Teaching in postsecondary institutions, which requires a graduate degree in health education

Combining health education and journalism allows a person to report or write on health issues and trends

Many opportunities exist for practicing health education/promotion in a foreign country; however, a degree and knowledge of a foreign language is often needed

Sales positions with health textbook companies, pharmaceutical companies, and medical supply companies are available

Increasing need for health education specialists in long-term care facilities working with the aging population

Increasing number of opportunities for health education specialists in entrepreneurial or consultant roles

Summary

Change is a constant

Flexibility is imperative in order to adapt to ongoing change

The future looks bright for health education specialist; many opportunities will expand in traditional & nontraditional settings

Health education specialists have the training & expertise to make a positive difference in enhancing the quality of life for all people

Future Trends in Health Education/Promotion

Chapter 10: The End

Who commissioned the creation of the manuscript?

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Question 1: Manuscripts of the Early Middle Ages

Before the invention of the printing press, books were copied by hand one at a time by illuminators, and the vellum was often embellished with beautiful calligraphy and intricate patterns and designs.

Using your course textbook locate three examples of illuminated manuscripts from the early Middle Ages. Read about each one in your textbook, course lectures, and through reliable internet resources

First, completely identify each manuscript and/or manuscript page by title, date, and location where it was created.

In a minimum of 2 well-developed paragraphs address the following questions:

Who commissioned the creation of the manuscript? Why?

What was the purpose of the manuscript?

How do the visual characteristics of each manuscript contribute to or enhance its message or meaning?

How do the reasons these manuscripts were created compare with religious texts created today?

Be sure to explain your ideas clearly and support them by discussing specific details about each manuscript.

Question 2: Romanesque and Gothic Cathedrals

Both Romanesque and Gothic architecture displayed distinctive characteristics and features. For this assignment, select one example of Romanesque church architecture and one example of Gothic church architecture from your course textbook. Read about each one in your textbook, course lectures, and through reliable internet resources.

First, completely identify the two cathedrals you have selected by name, date, and location.

Then, in a minimum of 3 well-developed paragraphs, address the following questions:

What architectural details are evident in each cathedral that make it representative of either the Romanesque or Gothic style?

What sort of decoration (interior and exterior) was employed in each cathedral? What was the meaning of the sculptures, paintings, windows that adorned each cathedral?

What was the visitor or viewer experience in each cathedral?

Respond to both questions as thoroughly as possible, making sure to use information from the readings and the lectures. All responses should be in complete sentence form, using proper spelling and grammar.

put yourself in the place of a person living during Middle Ages who traveled throughout Europe and select a total of six representative pieces of art or architecture that date from this period in history

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Travel Journal to Points of Interest from the Early Middle Ages, Romanesque, and Gothic Worlds

Travel, whether it was to the Middle East to fight in the Crusades or on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, was an activity that shaped the Middle Ages.

For this assignment, put yourself in the place of a person living during Middle Ages who traveled throughout Europe. Select a total of six representative pieces of art or architecture that date from this period in history. You should have 2 examples from each of the time periods in the Middle Ages: two examples from the Early Middle ages, two that represent the Romanesque, and two that represent Gothic art. Each example should reflect the essential characteristics of its time period. Your objects need to date between 400 CE and 1300 CE—the time span that encompasses the Early Middle Ages, Romanesque, and Gothic periods.

When you return from your travels, prepare a journal that includes the following information for each of your six representative works of art:

A photograph of the object

Identifying information:

Name of the artist (if available)

Title of the work

Date of the work

Medium/materials used to create the work

Then, write a paragraph of 4-6 sentences that:

Describes the visual characteristics that makes the object representative of its style

Places the work within its social and historical context and explains why it is culturally significant

Finally, in a well-developed paragraph of 6-8 sentences, summarize what you have learned from your travels, highlighting key similarities and distinctions between the six objects you selected for discussion.

State your choice of HCO and explain why it interests you

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Vision, Mission, and Values Statements

The course is structured so that each week you will work on specific segments of your marketing plan for the Final Project that is due in Week Six. This week you will choose a specific healthcare organization (HCO) and begin examining the products and services found in the HCO’s strategic plan. For this assignment, read Chapter 3 in the course text, which addresses the importance of the mission, vision, and values statements to organizations. Why is it important for an organization to have these statements? What purpose do they serve?

Next, research and choose a specific healthcare organization for your marketing plan. You could select the organization your currently work for, one you are familiar with, or one you would like to work for in the future. After selecting your HCO, conduct research online to locate the organization’s strategic plan and read its vision, mission, and values statements. Add the term strategic plan after the HCO’s name in the search engine box (e.g., Sharp Healthcare strategic plan) to narrow your search results.

In your assignment

State your choice of HCO and explain why it interests you.

State the organization’s vision, mission, and values statements

Discuss whether the organization’s purpose and priorities are clearly defined

Discuss whether the mission statement clearly separates the HCO from competing organizations.

Include any ideas you have at this point for improving the mission statement in terms of aligning the HCO’s stated priorities with its products and services.

Discuss whether the current vision statement correctly describes the HCO’s path as it implements the strategic plan.

Could the current vision statement be utilized to motivate the organization’s workforce?

If not, how would you reword the vision statement to better reflect high ideals and aspirations to fulfill the HCO’s strategic plan?

Discuss whether the current values statement takes into consideration the values of multiple participants such as the community, employees, shareholders, and customers.

How would you reword the current value statement to better reflect priorities found within the HCO’s strategic plan?

The assignment

Must be five to six double-spaced pages in length (not including the title page and references page) and formatted according to APA style

Must include a separate title page with the following:

Title of paper

Student’s name

Course name and number

Instructor’s name

Date submitted

Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.

Must document all sources in APA style

Must include a separate references page

Create a cost effective analysis to determine how to best spend the $8 million portion of the grant funding on education and other preventive services.

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After reading Chapter 7 and the required resources for this week, consider the following scenario:

HIV Help-Inc., a non-profit organization focusing on the prevention of HIV/AIDS just received a $10 million grant to fund several projects. The organization is currently located in an older building that needs extensive repairs. The organization is using outdated office equipment In addition, one additional staff member is needed in order to keep up with incoming phone calls and requests for presentations and community outreach activities. A portion of the grant – $2 million – is allotted for business improvements which can address one of these three areas: repairs to building, outdated office equipment, and more staff. The remaining $8 million is to be used to further enhance the continuum of care level to provide access to preventive health services.

Section A: Create a cost benefit analysis for an update that will improve the business: structural, office equipment, or staff. You can be creative in determining what the business needs. The cost will use the full amount of funds allotted to this improvement ($2 Million), so you can only improve one of these three needs

Note: Your work must include Steps 1-4, as outlined in section 7.2 of your course text.

Section B: Create a cost effective analysis to determine how to best spend the $8 million portion of the grant funding on education and other preventive services.

The organization currently serves the community and clientele with community education classes at schools and community centers, as well as the distribution of condoms and educational materials. They wish to expand their current services to reach the neighboring community (4,000 residents), add social media advertising and messaging to reach the younger population, distribute educational material and condoms to homeless shelters in the area, and add HIV testing to at-risk individuals. Select two of the potential services and determine how the money can be best spent to have the greatest outcome for the HIV+ population in the community.

Note: Your work must address the costs as well as the anticipated benefits, as outlined in section 7.2 of your course text

Section C: Based on the CDC website, analyze how cultural norms impact the risk of getting HIV. Explain one method or action on how to address this challenge.

Your initial contribution should be 250 to 300 words in length. Use proper APA formatting for in-text citations and references as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center

Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts. Provide a substantive response (minimum of 100 words) to at least two of your peers. Imagine you are a client or resident within one of the communities served by this organization. Do you feel the grant funding has been spent wisely based on your peers’ selections for services and outcome of calculations? Make recommendations on at least one other service that could be included should the original option identified in your peer’s post be impossible to fulfill.

Do you feel that pay-for-performance is a good way to improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs?

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Compliance and Reporting to Prevent Poor Health Outcomes

With the rising costs of healthcare, employers and consumers find it difficult to afford adequate health services. The United States spends more on healthcare costs than many other countries in the world with less wealthy economies. New healthcare legislation will incentivize healthcare providers and insurance plans based on the improved health outcomes of their patient population. This type of pay-for-performance system will hopefully enhance the delivery of healthcare and will reduce healthcare costs.

Using the weekly readings, the South University online library resources, and the Internet, research the healthcare legislation and pay-for-performance system.

Based on your research, respond to the following:

Do you feel that pay-for-performance is a good way to improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs?

What are the pros and cons of this type of system?

Give reasons and examples in support of your responses. Be sure to cite any relevant resources.

Write your initial response in approximately 300 words. Your responses should clarify your understanding of the topic. They should be your own, original, and free from plagiarism. Follow the APA format for writing style, spelling and grammar, and citation of sources.

Describe principles of professionalism in health care practice

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Assignment 1: Being Professional

Weight: 10%

Due date: Tuesday August 14 at 2359

Length: 600 words

Feedback mode: Via Canvas

Feedback will be provided using Turnitin’s Online marking tool and general comments.

Learning Objectives Assessed:

1. Describe principles of professionalism in health care practice

2. Communicate relevant information clearly and appropriately.

Graduate Outcomes supported:

1. Work ready

2. Active and lifelong learners

Details:

You are required to prepare a 600-word written assignment regarding professionalism and being a professional. You are required to use the template provided to structure your writing

___________________________________________

The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) is the organisation responsible for the implementation of the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. across Australia. AHPRA works with 14 National Health Practitioner Boards (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. in implementing the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

If there is concern or complaint about a registered health practitioner, National Boards may decide to refer a registered practitioner or student to a panel. Registered health practitioners may be referred to a performance and professional standards panels, for conduct and performance issues.

The website http://www.ahpra.gov.au/Publications/Panel-Decisions.aspx (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. displays details of panel decisions from the National Boards, and some earlier cases will display summaries of the Panel findings. You can also find detailed panel finding summaries at these links http://www.healthpractitionerstribunal.sa.gov.au/decisions (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/tas/TASHPT/

Using the links in the above paragraph, choose one of the summaries in which a finding of unsatisfactory professional performance or unprofessional conduct is made. Briefly address the following two points. You should highlight your understanding of the definition of “professionalism” by mentioning the concepts associated with “being a professional” and “professionalism” within your writing.

Summarise the case and outline why you found it interesting. (300 words)

Through your analysis, discuss why you think the situation occurred. (300 words)

There is no need to cite other works in this assignment.

Please use the template for this assessment which can be downloaded herePreview the document

Please name your file Family name_initials_Assessment_1 prior to submission.

Rubric:

WeightCriteriaExcellent Satisfactory Not Satisfactory 4Summary of case and reason for selecting caseSummary is well structured,

summarises the key points and is within word count (150-300 words). Reason for choosing case is clearly articulated. (4 marks)Summary is appropriately structured, but does not cover all relevant points and/or does not meet the word count (over/under). Does not clearly articulate the reason for choosing the case. (2 marks)

Summary is not well structured, does not cover all relevant points and does not meet word count (over/under). Does not articulate the reason for choosing the case. (1 mark)

4Discussion of the finding. Discussion is well structured, shows an excellent understanding of the concept of professionalism and is within the word count. (4 marks)

Discussion is appropriately structured, shows a partial understanding of the concept of professionalism and/or does not meet the word count (over/under). (2 marks)

Discussion is not well structured, does not cover all relevant points and does not meet the word count (over/under).

(1 mark)

2Quality of writing – includes spelling, grammar and punctuation.Excellent writing, with no more than five spelling, grammar or punctuation errors. (2 marks)

Satisfactory writing, with no more than ten spelling, grammar or punctuation errors. (1 marks)

Unsatisfactory writing, with more than ten spelling, grammar or punctuation errors. (0.5 marks)

How will your plan differ from an adult plan, give your rationale with documentation in APA format?

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HA W15 DT1 Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced) Number of sources: 3 Writing Style: APA Type of document: Essay Academic Level:Master Category: Nursing Order Instructions: You have a newly diagnosed diabetic 16-year-old female in your clinic. Describe a teaching plan for this client. How will your plan differ from an adult plan, give your rationale with documentation in APA format? How will you incorporate the family in your plan, give rationale with documentation? What other professionals will you include in the plan, give your rationale with documentation in APA format? How will you address her participation on the basketball team at school, give rationale and documentation? ** PROVIDE RESPONSE WITH REFERENCES. ALL REFERENCES MUST BE WITHIN THE LAST 5 YEARS OF PUBLICATION AND IN APA FORMAT.

Explain each sampling technique discussed in the “Visual Learner: Statistics” in your own words, and give examples of when each technique would be appropriate

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4-Explain each sampling technique discussed in the “Visual Learner: Statistics” in your own words, and give examples of when each technique would be appropriate

The visual learner statistics learner statistics include five different types of sampling techniques. They are simple random sampling, systematic sampling, convenience sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling.

Simple Random Sampling: In a simple random sampling, individuals are chosen at random and not more than once to prevent a bias that would negatively affect the validity of the result of the experiment. Individuals in the sample are given equal opportunity to be selected.

Stratified Sampling: The population is divided into two or more groups called strata that share common characteristics and deriving a sample from each different group. Example: Collecting the same set of data from college educated individuals, individuals with some college education, and data from individuals with no college experience.

Convenience sampling: Sampling a group of people that are readily available, an easy or convenient way to collect a sample. Example: Collecting a data on a group of patients that have an appointment with their doctor in a single day

Cluster sampling: Is a simple technique where the entire population is divided into groups or clusters and then a random sample of these clusters are selected. Example of use of this type of sampling would be to find out about city taxes in Maryland. It would be too difficult to get a random sample in the state of Maryland, so the researcher could use cluster sampling to get data from certain cities in Maryland and that would basically give them an idea of city taxes in Maryland.

Systematic sampling: In systematic sampling, the member of the population is selected randomly at a particular starting number. Example a researcher has a total population of 100 individuals. From the list, the researcher randomly selects the first sample elements from the K elements of the population list, thereafter every K element on the list is selected.

Reference

Alvi, M. (2016). A manual for selecting sampling techniques in research.

Moore D.S &McCabe (2013) Introduction to the practice of statistics (5TH edition) Freeman and company New York.

5-I defiantly agree with you, Nurses as researchers need to find the right mix of sampling type that would be most appropriate first to the patients involved, secondly as to the particular dialysis if involved and future treatments, they must also be looking at the future growth of the profession and best practices before embarking with any type of sampling decision. Sampling bias and error is the end product of poor decision making involving sampling types

6-You did a great job explaining the types and forms of visual learning provided, I also opine that because population keeps getting wider and wider and there is a need to streamline it into manageable parts, the idea for types of sampling was birth. And the choice on the type is dependent on the researcher, the research basis and the population itself. Dr. James Lani of Complete Dissertation defines sampling as a “statistical procedure that is concerned with the selection of the individual observation; it helps us to make statistical inferences about the population”

References

James L (n.d) Sampling. Retrieved from http://www.statisticssolutions.com/sample-size-calculation-and-sample-size-justification/sampling/

Post an explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use

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The unapproved use of approved drugs, also called off-label use, with children is quite common. This is because pediatric dosage guidelines are typically unavailable since very few drugs have been specifically researched and tested with children.

When treating children, prescribers often adjust dosages approved for adults to accommodate a child’s weight. However, children are not just “smaller” adults. Adults and children process and respond to drugs differently in their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Children even respond differently during stages from infancy to adolescence. This poses potential safety concerns when prescribing drugs to pediatric patients. As an advanced practice nurse, you have to be aware of safety implications of the off-label use of drugs with this patient group.

To prepare:

· Review the Bazzano et al. and Mayhew articles in the Learning Resources. Reflect on situations in which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use.

· Think about strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Consider specific off-label drugs that you think require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

With these thoughts in mind:

Post an explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use. Then, describe strategies to make the off-label use and dosage of drugs safer for children from infancy to adolescence. Include descriptions and names of off-label drugs that require extra care and attention when used in pediatrics.

This work should have Introduction and conclusion

– This work should have at 3 to 5current references (Year 2012 and up)

– Use at least 2 references from class Learning Resources

The following Resources are not acceptable:

1. Wikipedia

2. Cdc.gov- nonhealthcare professionals section

3. Webmd.com

4. Mayoclinic.com

Required Readings

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Review Chapter 4, “Principles of Pharmacotherapy in Pediatrics” (pp. 53-63)

This chapter explores concepts relating to drug selection, administration, and interaction for pediatric patients. It also compares age-related pharmacokinetic differences in children and adults.

Chapter 17, “Ophthalmic Disorders” (pp. 221-243)

This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and drug treatment for four ophthalmic disorders: blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and glaucoma. It also explores methods of monitoring patient response to treatment.

Chapter 43, “Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder” (pp. 743-756)

This chapter explains the process of diagnosing Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It also identifies drugs for treating patients with ADHD, including proper dosages, selected adverse events, and special considerations for each drug.

Chapter 51, “Immunizations” (pp. 906-926)

This chapter explores vaccines that are licensed for use in the United States and provides a recommended vaccination schedule for pediatric patients and adults.

Chapter 52, “Smoking Cessation” (pp. 927-943)

This chapter examines clinical implications of smoking. It also covers various approaches for aiding patients who are dependent on nicotine but want to stop smoking.

Chapter 54, “Weight Loss” (pp. 945-956)

This chapter begins by reviewing patient factors that contribute to obesity. It also examines drug therapy for initiating weight loss in patients, as well as alternative non-drug treatments.

Bazzano, A. T, Mangione-Smith, R., Schonlau, M., Suttorp, M. J., & Brook, R. H. (2009). Off-label prescribing to children in the United States outpatient setting. Academic Pediatrics, 9(2), 81–88.

This study examines the frequency of off-label prescribing to children and explores factors that impact off-label prescribing.

Mayhew, M. (2009). Off-label prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 5(2), 122–123.

This article reviews the prevalence of off-label prescribing, including its benefits and risks. It also explores issues regarding the safety of off-label prescribing and when it is unavoidable.

Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/

This website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Advanced pharmacology – Final course review. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media is an interactive final review covering course content.

Identify a setting in which health education specialists will practice in the next 5 years to a greater degree than they do today

Who commissioned the creation of the manuscript?

put yourself in the place of a person living during Middle Ages who traveled throughout Europe and select a total of six representative pieces of art or architecture that date from this period in history

State your choice of HCO and explain why it interests you

Create a cost effective analysis to determine how to best spend the $8 million portion of the grant funding on education and other preventive services.

Do you feel that pay-for-performance is a good way to improve health outcomes and reduce healthcare costs?

Describe principles of professionalism in health care practice

How will your plan differ from an adult plan, give your rationale with documentation in APA format?

Explain each sampling technique discussed in the “Visual Learner: Statistics” in your own words, and give examples of when each technique would be appropriate

Post an explanation of circumstances under which children should be prescribed drugs for off-label use

The Company

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Quality Assurance