Analyze and discuss the relationship between quality and cost in health care in the United States, and research and identify how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) attempts to reduce costs and improve quality.

Analyze and discuss the relationship between quality and cost in health care in the United States, and research and identify how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) attempts to reduce costs and improve quality.

Type: Individual Project

Unit: Cost and Quality in U.S. Health Care

Due Date: Wed, 4/12/17

Deliverable Length: 5-6 written pages, excluding cover page, abstract page, and reference page

Health care costs in the United States continue to increase. Despite the high cost of care for health care in the United States, quality indicators and outcomes lag behind other countries when compared to certain dimensions of performance.

For this assignment,

Analyze and discuss the relationship between quality and cost in health care in the United States, and research and identify how the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) attempts to reduce costs and improve quality.

Based on your research of the PPACA, provide an argument for whether the PPACA has been a success in reducing costs and improving quality.

Note: Use APA style to cite at least 5 scholarly sources from the last 5 years.

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Write a 3-page paper that addresses the following: ◦Contrast the types of information that you gained from examining the two different research approaches in the articles that you selected.

1) Select one article that utilizes a quantitative research design and 2) select a second article that utilizes either a qualitative OR a mixed methods design. These need to be single studies not systematic or integrative reviews (including meta-analysis and metasynthesis).
•Use the templetes which will guide your critique of each article: ◦Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
◦Critique Template for a Quantitative Study

•Consider the fields in the templates as you review the information in each article.
•Begin to draft a paper in which you analyze the two research approaches as indicated below.
•Reflect on the overall value of both quantitative and qualitative research. If someone were to say to you, “Qualitative research is not real science,” how would you respond?

To complete this Assignment:
•Complete the two critiques using the appropriate templates.
•Write a 3-page paper that addresses the following: ◦Contrast the types of information that you gained from examining the two different research approaches in the articles that you selected.
◦Describe the general advantages and disadvantages of the two research approaches featured in the articles. Use examples from the articles for support.
◦Formulate a response to the claim that qualitative research is not real science. Highlight the general insights that both quantitative and qualitative studies can provide to researchers. Support your response with references to the Learning Resources and other credible sources.

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Analyze and explain the pharmacological aspects of the drug as they relate to the following: neurotransmitters affected, receptors, route of administration, half-life, doses, side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, and other important facets of the drug.

Analyze and explain the pharmacological aspects of the drug as they relate to the following: neurotransmitters affected, receptors, route of administration, half-life, doses, side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, and other important facets of the drug.

Select a psychoactive drug that is of pharmacological interest to you, but not one you will review as part of your Critical Review or one that was included in your previous Rapid Reviews. For this paper, you may choose drugs of abuse; however, the paper must focus on the pharmacology of the drug and not on the social or addictive aspects. If you focus on addiction and social impact, your paper will not receive credit.

In addition to the text, research a minimum of three peer-reviewed articles published within the last five years on your selected drug. Prepare a three-page summary of the drug using the PSY630 Rapid Review Example paper as a guide.

In your Rapid Review, analyze and explain the pharmacological aspects of the drug as they relate to the following: neurotransmitters affected, receptors, route of administration, half-life, doses, side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, and other important facets of the drug. Explain these aspects of the drug in terms of the psychiatric disorders indicated for the drug and the issue(s) associated with that use. If there is no accepted therapeutic use for the drug, evaluate and describe the actions of the drug with regard to the abuse process.

The paper:

Must be three to five double-spaced pages in length, excluding title page and references page, and it must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

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Evaluate the effectiveness of traditional bases for pay (seniority and merit) against incentive-based and person-focused compensation approaches. Assignment 2: Compensation Plan Outline

Evaluate the effectiveness of traditional bases for pay (seniority and merit) against incentive-based and person-focused compensation approaches.
Assignment 2: Compensation Plan Outline

Using the same company you researched in Assignment 1, evaluate the company’s compensation plan to determine how it could be improved.

Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:

Evaluate the existing compensation plan to determine if it is the most appropriate for your company. Explain your rationale.
Determine the most beneficial ratio of internally consistent and market consistent compensations systems for the company you selected.
Evaluate the current pay structure used by your company and assess the recognition of employee contributions.
Make two (2) recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the discretionary benefits provided by the company you selected.
Evaluate the types of employer-sponsored retirement plans and health insurance programs provided by the company you selected and compare them to that company’s major competitors.
Use at least three (3) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Evaluate the effectiveness of traditional bases for pay (seniority and merit) against incentive-based and person-focused compensation approaches.
Compare and contrast internally consistent and market-competitive compensation systems.
Evaluate the role of benefits in strategic compensation.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in compensation management.
Write clearly and concisely about compensation management using proper writing mechanics.

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Identify and describe at least one similarity for each of the four metapardigm concepts between your philosophy and that of the theorist.

Introduction

Provide a general discussion of your personal philosophy of nursing (e.g., its

purpose, relevance and/or importance) and the purpose of the paper. Content

must be paraphrased. Never copy/paste from a source even if you give credit.

Personal Philosophy

1.Thoroughly describe each major concept in the metaparadigm (i.e., nursing,

person, environment, and health) as they are incorporated within your own

personal philosophy.

Identify and explain what professional values, characteristics, or qualities are
reflected in the personal philosophy

3.Provide a brief and concise, clinical example of how each concept in the

personal philosophy is demonstrated within your own nursing practice, i.e., how

do you incorporate your beliefs about nursing, health, environment and person

into your nursing practice on a routine basis? For example, if you believe the

person is composed of body/mind/spirit, describe the exact ways you apply that

belief in your care.

Nursing Theorist

1.Briefly and concisely describe the major focus of the theory and its concepts

And relationships.

2.Thoroughly describe each major metaparadigm concept (i.e., nursing, person,

environment, and health) as they are incorporated within the theory.

Content must be paraphrased. Never copy/paste from a source even if you give

Similarities and Impact

1.Compare the discussion of each concept in the metaparadigm between the

personal philosophy and the theory. Identify and describe at least one

similarity for each of the four metapardigm concepts between your philosophy and that of the theorist.

2.Explain the impact of the similarities on professional nursing practice.

Conclusion

Logical closure to the full scope of ideas presented by reemphasizing the main

points of the paper and/or providing suggestions. Content must be paraphrased

Never copy/paste from a source even if you give credit. This should not be an

editorial commentary on nursing but rather a summation of the main points of

the paper.

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Select a challenging or difficult event from your nursing practice. Use one of the theories presented in this module to analyze that event and provide insight for how this type of event might best be managed in the future.

Select a challenging or difficult event from your nursing practice. Use one of the theories presented in this module to analyze that event and provide insight for how this type of event might best be managed in the future.

For example you may be frustrated by physicians who refuse to use the computer and ask you to look up their patients. You might use change theory Rogerss theory of innovation or learning theory to analyze the event and suggest an effective approach for dealing with this issue? Review the post of other classmates and comment on the analysis and selected approach for dealing with the issue.

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How can the recipients of these programs be categorized into different risk pools? Explain. Private vs. Public Control

How can the recipients of these programs be categorized into different risk pools? Explain.
Private vs. Public Control

The major payers in private healthcare (other than government programs) are employers, and this has been true since the inception of health insurance programs. There are several reasons why this is so, but one of the main reasons is employees are a defined risk pool based on the work performed for the company. Healthcare insurance companies are able to predict the financial risk (as in an experience rating) taken by the type of employees. If, for instance, the work is dangerous or injury prone, such as direct care in a nursing facility, then the cost to insure that group would be higher than for employees working at a telecommunications office. Government healthcare programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, do not measure the cost of healthcare by the experience ratings.

Based on your understanding of the topic, answer the following:

Can programs like Medicare and Medicaid adopt such methods to defray costs? If yes, how would they implement such methods? If no, what suggestions would you make to defray costs?
Most of those receiving Medicare and Medicaid benefits are not employed.

How can the recipients of these programs be categorized into different risk pools? Explain.
The aging population is a force in healthcare continuing to have a dramatic effect on the direction of healthcare services. Many have discussed the aging population as the reason for the rising cost of healthcare. The pre- and baby-boomer generation (1946–65) were less knowledgeable and informed regarding the health risks and, therefore, engaged in risky behaviors that increased their susceptibility to chronic healthcare issues later in life.

What does that mean to the viability of Medicare and Medicaid?
Regardless of how many changes are made to Medicare to try to keep it solvent, aren’t the sheer numbers of eligible recipients versus the ever decreasing number of people paying into Medicare the real reason why Medicare will cease to exist in its present form?

Do you agree with this question? Why or why not?
The British national healthcare system owns many hospitals and directly employs workers. General practitioner salaries are set by the British government. The funding for healthcare services comes mostly from the government. This is significantly different from the US healthcare systems. Consider the issues with government healthcare programs in financing and administration.

Would the US be able to transit to the British style of national healthcare? Why or why not?
In comparison to the British system and US system, what would be some of the challenges the US would face in adopting a national healthcare system? Discuss at least three challenges.
Employer-sponsored healthcare benefits should be maintained or done away with in favor of a government sponsored healthcare program? Why or why not? Think through this situation as representing both an incentive and a hindrance. If it is a hindrance, then what is it hindering in the way of government-sponsored healthcare programs?

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Explain the importance of evidence-based decision making in health care.You will create a detailed presentation with comprehensive presenter notes that explain each slide for United General’s CEO and board of directors.

Explain the importance of evidence-based decision making in health care.You will create a detailed presentation with comprehensive presenter notes that explain each slide for United General’s CEO and board of directors.

As a health care leader you will be responsible for not only the acquisition planning and management of HIT solutions but also for strategies to manage the different types of data acquired by these technologies. The aim for today’s health care leaders is to effectively plan making evidence-based decisions using data acquired through the use of HIT systems.

For this Assignment, you will evaluate the expansion of United General Hospital’s intensive care unit (ICU). You will create a detailed presentation with comprehensive presenter notes that explain each slide for United General’s CEO and board of directors.

To prepare:

Read the United General Hospital ICU Expansion Case Study in your Learning Resources and prepare a PowerPoint presentation (16 slides minimum, with no more than 20 slides excluding your references) that will guide the CEO and board of directors to follow the recommendation(s) presented to expand the hospital’s ICU unit. Keep in mind that this presentation would be delivered within a one hour time slot in a board of director’s meeting, whereby you want to allow approximately 2 minutes per slide for presentation delivery and allow time for questions. As you complete the assessment, remember the following:

The presentation should include the elements necessary to effectively communicate the data used to develop the business case.
A specific statement of the clinical and financial data types involved in the business case should be included.
The presentation should provide a clear evidence-based, data-driven recommendation(s) regarding the expansion of the hospital’s ICU.
The presentation should provide an opportunity statement that presents the problem, the recommendation presented to solve the problem, and the multiple options considered.
The presentation should take into account the needs of the community, the patients, the hospital, and investors when researching and presenting your findings.
The presentation should offer alternative methods of data management such as cloud-based storage and the possible use of Application Service Provider (ASP) HIT models.
Your presentation should include the following:

Introduction (5–6 slides)

Explain the importance of evidence-based decision making in health care. Discuss how this evidence applies to patient care outcomes, financial outcomes, competitive advantage, and organizational transparency. Your slides must include:

A definition of evidence-based decision making.
An explanation of the relevance of evidence-based decision making in the health care industry.
A clearly defined the problem you intend to solve through the use of evidence-based decision making.
A description of the types of HIT systems that recommend to support decision making.

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Exploring the learning experiences of nursing students with dyslexia.IntroductionIntroduce the article you have selected and state the framework you have chosen to guide your critique. Explain the purpose of a critique. Nursing Standard. Volume 25, No 40 pg 39-46

Exploring the learning experiences of nursing students with dyslexia.IntroductionIntroduce the article you have selected and state the framework you have chosen to guide your critique. Explain the purpose of a critique.
Nursing Standard. Volume 25, No 40 pg 39-46

Structure of essay

IntroductionIntroduce the article you have selected and state the framework you have chosen to guide your critique. Explain the purpose of a critique.

Main Body Using your chosen framework as a guide, critically appraise the research study. It is essential that you support your discussion with the relevant research theory from research literature. Be careful to avoid merely summerising or describing the study, you must identify the strengths and weakness of the research process.

ConclusionYou need to draw a critique to a conclusion, summerise the main strengths or weakness of the paper and recommend whether it has potential for practice.

Suggested Research Framework : Caldwell K, Henshaw L and Taylor G. (2005) Developing a framework for critiquing health research. Journal of Health, Social and Environmental Issues. Vol 6, No 1, Pg 45-54

a?Does the title reflect the content?
a?Are the authors credible?
a?Does the abstract summerise the key components?
a?Is the rationale for undertaking the research clearly outlined?
a?Is the literature review comprehensive and up to date?
a?Is the aims of the research clearly stated?
a?Are all ethical issues identified and addressed?
a?Qualitative Are the philosophical background and study design identified and rationale for choice of design evident?
a?Are the major concepts identified?
a?Is the context of the study outlined?
a?Is the selection of participants described and the sampling method identified?
a?Is the method of data collection auditable?
a?Is the method of data analysis crediable and confirmable?
a?Are the results presesnted in a way that is appropriate and clear?
a?Is the dicussion comprehensive? Are the results transferrable?
a?Is the conclusion comprehensive?

Also some of the books and Journals which I found useful was:

1) Critiquing Nursing Research 2nd edition by John Cutcliffe and Martin Ward.
2) Nursing Research Principles, Process and Issues 2nd edition by Kader Parahoo.
3) The Research Process in Nursing 4th edition by Desmond Cormack
4) Baxter H (2001) Understanding research: 3 Critiquing findings and conclusions. Journal of Wound Care. Vol 10, No 9, pg 376378
5)Meadows A Keith (2003) So you want to do research? 3. An introduction to qualitative methods. British Journal of Community Nursing. Vol 8, No 10, pg 464468
6) Felicity Astin (2009) A beginners guide to research appraising a qualitative research paper. British Journal of Cardiac Nursing. Vol 4. No 11, pg 530-533.

Referencing Requirements:
Modified harved reference system. Please include reference list aswell as references as you go along to support your argument. I need a minimum of 15 referrences. I have attached about 6 already for u to use.

Critique in rehabilitation model of nursing
Demonstrate an undestanding of the role of models in health care and critique of their strengths and weaknesses.(Choose 1 model from your reading:you do need to have some brief in it as part of the essay will ask you to implement it in your practice)Eg. what is a model,how it is good/effect ,structure and idea.

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Include the influences on nursing science of other disciplines, such as philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, the social sciences, and psychology.

Create a 500 to 700 word timeline paper of the historical development of nursing science, starting with Florence Nightingale and continuing to the present.

Format the timeline however you wish, but the word count and assignment requirements must be met.

Include the following in your timeline:
•Explain the historical development of nursing science by citing specific years, theories, theorists, and events in the history of nursing.
•Explain the relationship between nursing science and the profession.
•Include the influences on nursing science of other disciplines, such as philosophy, religion, education, anthropology, the social sciences, and psychology.

Must be APA format

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